Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Pyrethroid Pesticide
1.1 Definition of Pyrethroid Pesticide
1.2 Pyrethroid Pesticide Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Cypermethrin
1.2.3 Deltamethrin
1.2.4 Cyfluthrin
1.2.5 Fenvalerate
1.2.6 Tetramethrin
1.2.7 Others
1.3 Pyrethroid Pesticide Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Plant Protection
1.3.3 House Insecticide
1.4 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Pyrethroid Pesticide Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Pyrethroid Pesticide Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticide
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticide
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Pyrethroid Pesticide
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticide
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Pyrethroid Pesticide
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Pyrethroid Pesticide Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Analysis
4.3 Pyrethroid Pesticide Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Pyrethroid Pesticide Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Pyrethroid Pesticide Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue by Regions
5.2 Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Production
5.3.2 North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Import and Export
5.4 Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Production
5.4.2 Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Import and Export
5.5 China Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Pyrethroid Pesticide Production
5.5.2 China Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Pyrethroid Pesticide Import and Export
5.6 Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Production
5.6.2 Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Import and Export
5.8 India Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production
5.8.2 India Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Pyrethroid Pesticide Import and Export
6 Pyrethroid Pesticide Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production by Type
6.2 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue by Type
6.3 Pyrethroid Pesticide Price by Type
7 Pyrethroid Pesticide Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Pyrethroid Pesticide Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Fmc
8.1.1 Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Fmc Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Syngenta
8.2.1 Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Syngenta Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Basf
8.3.1 Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Basf Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Bayer Cropscience
8.4.1 Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Bayer Cropscience Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Dow Agrosciences
8.5.1 Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Dow Agrosciences Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Gharda
8.6.1 Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Gharda Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Meghmani
8.7.1 Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Meghmani Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Atul Ltd
8.8.1 Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Atul Ltd Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Tagros Chemicals India
8.9.1 Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Tagros Chemicals India Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Upl Limited
8.10.1 Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Upl Limited Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Atanor
8.12 Bharat Group
8.13 Heranba
8.14 Nortox
8.15 Beijing Nutrichem
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticide Market
9.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Pyrethroid Pesticide Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Pyrethroid Pesticide Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Pyrethroid Pesticide Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Pyrethroid Pesticide Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Figure Picture of Pyrethroid Pesticide
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Cypermethrin Product Picture
Figure Deltamethrin Product Picture
Figure Cyfluthrin Product Picture
Figure Fenvalerate Product Picture
Figure Tetramethrin Product Picture
Figure Others Product Picture
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption (K MT) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Plant Protection
Figure House Insecticide
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticide in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticide
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Pyrethroid Pesticide
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Capacity (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Average Price (USD/MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure China Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure India Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Global Consumption Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Pyrethroid Pesticide Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Fmc Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Syngenta Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Basf Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Cropscience Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Dow Agrosciences Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Gharda Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Meghmani Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Atul Ltd Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Tagros Chemicals India Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Upl Limited Pyrethroid Pesticide Main Business and Markets Served
Table Atanor Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bharat Group Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Heranba Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Nortox Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Table Beijing Nutrichem Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Pyrethroid Pesticide Sales Price (USD/MT) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure North America Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Europe Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure China Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Pyrethroid Pesticide Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Pyrethroid Pesticide Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K MT) of Pyrethroid Pesticide by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K MT) of Pyrethroid Pesticide by Application (2019-2025)
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Distributors List
Table Pyrethroid Pesticide Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
【掲載企業】
Fmc、Syngenta、Basf、Bayer Cropscience、Dow Agrosciences、Gharda、Meghmani、Atul Ltd、Tagros Chemicals India、Upl Limited、Atanor、Bharat Group、Heranba、Nortox、Beijing Nutrichem、
【免責事項】
https://www.globalresearch.jp/disclaimer