Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Pet Dietary Supplement
1.1 Definition of Pet Dietary Supplement
1.2 Pet Dietary Supplement Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Soft Gel/Pills
1.2.3 Powder
1.2.4 Liquid
1.3 Pet Dietary Supplement Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Cat
1.3.3 Dog
1.3.4 Other Pets
1.4 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Pet Dietary Supplement Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Pet Dietary Supplement Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Pet Dietary Supplement Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Pet Dietary Supplement
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pet Dietary Supplement
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Pet Dietary Supplement
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Pet Dietary Supplement
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Pet Dietary Supplement
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Pet Dietary Supplement Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Analysis
4.3 Pet Dietary Supplement Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Pet Dietary Supplement Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Pet Dietary Supplement Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue by Regions
5.2 Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Pet Dietary Supplement Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Pet Dietary Supplement Production
5.3.2 North America Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Pet Dietary Supplement Import and Export
5.4 Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Production
5.4.2 Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Import and Export
5.5 China Pet Dietary Supplement Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Pet Dietary Supplement Production
5.5.2 China Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Pet Dietary Supplement Import and Export
5.6 Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Production
5.6.2 Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Import and Export
5.8 India Pet Dietary Supplement Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Pet Dietary Supplement Production
5.8.2 India Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Pet Dietary Supplement Import and Export
6 Pet Dietary Supplement Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production by Type
6.2 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue by Type
6.3 Pet Dietary Supplement Price by Type
7 Pet Dietary Supplement Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Pet Dietary Supplement Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Bayer
8.1.1 Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Bayer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Beaphar
8.2.1 Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Beaphar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Nutramax Laboratories
8.3.1 Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Nutramax Laboratories Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Nutri-Pet Research
8.4.1 Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Nutri-Pet Research Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Only Natural Pet
8.5.1 Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Only Natural Pet Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Ark Naturals
8.6.1 Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Ark Naturals Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Ayurvet
8.7.1 Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Ayurvet Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Kemin Industries
8.8.1 Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Kemin Industries Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Merial
8.9.1 Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Merial Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 NaturVet
8.10.1 NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 NaturVet Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Nestl Purina Pet Care
8.12 Novotech Neutraceuticals
8.13 NOW Foods
8.14 NWC Naturals
8.15 Omega Protein
8.16 Vetra Animal Health
8.17 VetriScience Laboratories
8.18 Virbac
8.19 WellPet
8.20 Zoetis
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Pet Dietary Supplement Market
9.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Pet Dietary Supplement Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Pet Dietary Supplement Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Pet Dietary Supplement Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Pet Dietary Supplement Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Pet Dietary Supplement Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Pet Dietary Supplement Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Pet Dietary Supplement Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Figure Picture of Pet Dietary Supplement
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Soft Gel/Pills Product Picture
Figure Powder Product Picture
Figure Liquid Product Picture
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption (K MT) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Cat
Figure Dog
Figure Other Pets
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Pet Dietary Supplement Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Pet Dietary Supplement in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pet Dietary Supplement
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Pet Dietary Supplement
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Capacity (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Pet Dietary Supplement Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Average Price (USD/MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Pet Dietary Supplement Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure North America Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure China Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure India Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure India Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Pet Dietary Supplement Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Global Consumption Pet Dietary Supplement Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Pet Dietary Supplement Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bayer Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Beaphar Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Nutramax Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Nutri-Pet Research Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Only Natural Pet Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Ark Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Ayurvet Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Kemin Industries Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Merial Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table NaturVet Pet Dietary Supplement Main Business and Markets Served
Table Nestl Purina Pet Care Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Novotech Neutraceuticals Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table NOW Foods Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table NWC Naturals Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Omega Protein Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Vetra Animal Health Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table VetriScience Laboratories Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Virbac Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table WellPet Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Table Zoetis Pet Dietary Supplement Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Pet Dietary Supplement Sales Price (USD/MT) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure North America Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Europe Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure China Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Pet Dietary Supplement Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Pet Dietary Supplement Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K MT) of Pet Dietary Supplement by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K MT) of Pet Dietary Supplement by Application (2019-2025)
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Distributors List
Table Pet Dietary Supplement Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
【掲載企業】
Bayer、Beaphar、Nutramax Laboratories、Nutri-Pet Research、Only Natural Pet、Ark Naturals、Ayurvet、Kemin Industries、Merial、NaturVet、Nestl Purina Pet Care、Novotech Neutraceuticals、NOW Foods、NWC Naturals、Omega Protein、Vetra Animal Health、VetriScience Laboratories、Virbac、WellPet、Zoetis、
【免責事項】
https://www.globalresearch.jp/disclaimer