Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Specialty Pharmaceutical
1.1 Definition of Specialty Pharmaceutical
1.2 Specialty Pharmaceutical Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Antibody
1.2.3 Hormone
1.2.4 Growth Factors
1.2.5 Other
1.3 Specialty Pharmaceutical Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Tumor
1.3.3 Diabetes
1.3.4 Cardiovascular
1.3.5 Hemophilia
1.3.6 Other
1.4 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Specialty Pharmaceutical Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Specialty Pharmaceutical Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Specialty Pharmaceutical
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Specialty Pharmaceutical
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Specialty Pharmaceutical
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Specialty Pharmaceutical
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Specialty Pharmaceutical
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Specialty Pharmaceutical Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Analysis
4.3 Specialty Pharmaceutical Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Specialty Pharmaceutical Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Specialty Pharmaceutical Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue by Regions
5.2 Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Production
5.3.2 North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Import and Export
5.4 Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Production
5.4.2 Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Import and Export
5.5 China Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Specialty Pharmaceutical Production
5.5.2 China Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Specialty Pharmaceutical Import and Export
5.6 Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Production
5.6.2 Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Import and Export
5.8 India Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Specialty Pharmaceutical Production
5.8.2 India Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Specialty Pharmaceutical Import and Export
6 Specialty Pharmaceutical Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production by Type
6.2 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue by Type
6.3 Specialty Pharmaceutical Price by Type
7 Specialty Pharmaceutical Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Specialty Pharmaceutical Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Pfizer
8.1.1 Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Pfizer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Roche
8.2.1 Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Roche Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Amgen
8.3.1 Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Amgen Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 AbbVie
8.4.1 AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 AbbVie Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Novo Nordisk
8.5.1 Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Novo Nordisk Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Johnson & Johnson
8.6.1 Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Johnson & Johnson Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Sanofi-Aventis
8.7.1 Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Sanofi-Aventis Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Merck
8.8.1 Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Merck Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Eli Lilly
8.9.1 Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Eli Lilly Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Novartis
8.10.1 Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Novartis Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 3sbio
8.12 Changchun High Tech
8.13 CP Guojian Pharmacy
8.14 Biotech Pharma
8.15 Gelgen Biopharma
8.16 Innovent
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Specialty Pharmaceutical Market
9.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Specialty Pharmaceutical Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Specialty Pharmaceutical Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Specialty Pharmaceutical Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Specialty Pharmaceutical Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Figure Picture of Specialty Pharmaceutical
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Antibody Product Picture
Figure Hormone Product Picture
Figure Growth Factors Product Picture
Figure Other Product Picture
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Tumor
Figure Diabetes
Figure Cardiovascular
Figure Hemophilia
Figure Other
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Specialty Pharmaceutical in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Specialty Pharmaceutical
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Specialty Pharmaceutical
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Specialty Pharmaceutical Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Specialty Pharmaceutical Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Pfizer Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Roche Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Amgen Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table AbbVie Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Novo Nordisk Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Johnson & Johnson Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Sanofi-Aventis Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Merck Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Eli Lilly Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Novartis Specialty Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 3sbio Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Changchun High Tech Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table CP Guojian Pharmacy Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Biotech Pharma Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Gelgen Biopharma Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Table Innovent Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Specialty Pharmaceutical Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Specialty Pharmaceutical Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Specialty Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Specialty Pharmaceutical by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Specialty Pharmaceutical by Application (2019-2025)
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Distributors List
Table Specialty Pharmaceutical Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
【掲載企業】
Pfizer、Roche、Amgen、AbbVie、Novo Nordisk、Johnson & Johnson、Sanofi-Aventis、Merck、Eli Lilly、Novartis、3sbio、Changchun High Tech、CP Guojian Pharmacy、Biotech Pharma、Gelgen Biopharma、Innovent、
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