Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Silicone Defoamer
1.1 Definition of Silicone Defoamer
1.2 Silicone Defoamer Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Emulsion Silicone Defoamer
1.2.3 Solid State Silicone Defoamer
1.2.4 Oiliness Silicone Defoamer
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Silicone Defoamer Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Pharmaceuticals
1.3.3 Metalworking Fluids
1.3.4 Food and Beverages
1.3.5 Water Treatment
1.3.6 Paints and Coatings
1.3.7 Others
1.4 Global Silicone Defoamer Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Silicone Defoamer Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Silicone Defoamer Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Silicone Defoamer Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Silicone Defoamer Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Silicone Defoamer Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Silicone Defoamer Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Silicone Defoamer
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Silicone Defoamer
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Silicone Defoamer
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Silicone Defoamer
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Silicone Defoamer Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Silicone Defoamer
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Silicone Defoamer Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Silicone Defoamer Revenue Analysis
4.3 Silicone Defoamer Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Silicone Defoamer Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Silicone Defoamer Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue by Regions
5.2 Silicone Defoamer Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Silicone Defoamer Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Silicone Defoamer Production
5.3.2 North America Silicone Defoamer Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Silicone Defoamer Import and Export
5.4 Europe Silicone Defoamer Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Silicone Defoamer Production
5.4.2 Europe Silicone Defoamer Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Silicone Defoamer Import and Export
5.5 China Silicone Defoamer Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Silicone Defoamer Production
5.5.2 China Silicone Defoamer Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Silicone Defoamer Import and Export
5.6 Japan Silicone Defoamer Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Silicone Defoamer Production
5.6.2 Japan Silicone Defoamer Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Silicone Defoamer Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Import and Export
5.8 India Silicone Defoamer Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Silicone Defoamer Production
5.8.2 India Silicone Defoamer Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Silicone Defoamer Import and Export
6 Silicone Defoamer Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Production by Type
6.2 Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue by Type
6.3 Silicone Defoamer Price by Type
7 Silicone Defoamer Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Silicone Defoamer Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Ashland Global Holdings Inc
8.1.1 Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Ashland Global Holdings Inc Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 BASF SE
8.2.1 BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 BASF SE Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Bluestar Silicones International
8.3.1 Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Bluestar Silicones International Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Clariant International AG.
8.4.1 Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Clariant International AG. Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Dow Corning Corporation
8.5.1 Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Dow Corning Corporation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Evonik Industries AG
8.6.1 Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Evonik Industries AG Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
8.7.1 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd
8.8.1 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Wacker Chemie AG
8.9.1 Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Wacker Chemie AG Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Elkay Chemicals Private Limited
8.10.1 Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 K. K. Chempro India Pvt. Ltd
8.12 Om Tex Chem Private Limited
8.13 Resil Chemicals Pvt. Ltd
8.14 Supreme Silicones
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Silicone Defoamer Market
9.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Silicone Defoamer Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Silicone Defoamer Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Silicone Defoamer Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Silicone Defoamer Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Silicone Defoamer Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Silicone Defoamer Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Silicone Defoamer Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Silicone Defoamer Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Silicone Defoamer Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Figure Picture of Silicone Defoamer
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Emulsion Silicone Defoamer Product Picture
Figure Solid State Silicone Defoamer Product Picture
Figure Oiliness Silicone Defoamer Product Picture
Figure Others Product Picture
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Pharmaceuticals
Figure Metalworking Fluids
Figure Food and Beverages
Figure Water Treatment
Figure Paints and Coatings
Figure Others
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Silicone Defoamer Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Silicone Defoamer Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Silicone Defoamer in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Silicone Defoamer
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Silicone Defoamer
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Silicone Defoamer Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Silicone Defoamer Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Silicone Defoamer Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Silicone Defoamer Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Silicone Defoamer Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Silicone Defoamer Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Silicone Defoamer Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Silicone Defoamer Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Silicone Defoamer Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Silicone Defoamer Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Silicone Defoamer Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Silicone Defoamer Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Silicone Defoamer Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Silicone Defoamer Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Ashland Global Holdings Inc Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table BASF SE Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bluestar Silicones International Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Clariant International AG. Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Evonik Industries AG Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Wacker Chemie AG Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Elkay Chemicals Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Main Business and Markets Served
Table K. K. Chempro India Pvt. Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Om Tex Chem Private Limited Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Resil Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Table Supreme Silicones Silicone Defoamer Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Silicone Defoamer Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Silicone Defoamer Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Silicone Defoamer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Silicone Defoamer by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Silicone Defoamer by Application (2019-2025)
Table Silicone Defoamer Distributors List
Table Silicone Defoamer Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
【掲載企業】
Ashland Global Holdings Inc 、BASF SE 、Bluestar Silicones International、Clariant International AG. 、Dow Corning Corporation 、Evonik Industries AG、Momentive Performance Materials Inc. 、Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd、Wacker Chemie AG 、Elkay Chemicals Private Limited、K. K. Chempro India Pvt. Ltd 、Om Tex Chem Private Limited 、Resil Chemicals Pvt. Ltd 、Supreme Silicones 、
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